Abstract Background Although active commuting is inversely related to cardiovascular disease risk factors, these associations are unknown among Brazilian primary health care users. Objective To investigate the association between active commuting to daily activities and the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases. Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted between May and August 2019, included primary health care users from all 34 primary health care centers in Passo Fundo, a city in southern Brazil. Cardiometabolic diseases (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular diseases, and overweight/obesity) were measured by self-reported medical diagnosis using a questionnaire. Active commuting was analyzed dichotomously: daily commuting on foot or by bicycle was considered active, while daily commuting by car, motorcycle, or bus was considered passive. To determine the association between cardiometabolic diseases and active commuting, crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson regression, considering p <0.05 significant. Results The sample consisted of 1443 patients. There was an inverse association between active commuting and type 2 diabetes (PR: 0.59; 95% CI [Confidence Interval]: 0.39-0.90) and overweight/obesity (PR: 0.83: 95% CI: 0.71-0.98). Conclusion A lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity/overweight was observed in people who actively commute. These findings indicate that changes in urban infrastructure to enable safe active commuting will positively impact the health of the population.

Resumo Introdução O SARS-CoV-2, responsável pela pandemia de COVID-19, apresenta alta transmissibilidade, principalmente por gotículas respiratórias de pessoas sintomáticas, aperto de mãos ou objetos e superfícies contaminadas, o que eleva a importância da adoção de medidas de redução da transmissibilidade no coletivo. Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à realização de medidas preventivas contra SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19. Método Estudo transversal, tipo Web Survey, realizado em Passo Fundo, RS. Coleta de dados on-line com indivíduos de 18 anos ou mais, avaliando aspectos sociodemográficos, de saúde, comportamento e conhecimento sobre o vírus. Desfecho definido como realização de no mínimo oito de nove medidas recomendadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Estatística descritiva, cálculo de prevalência e razões de prevalência (RP) brutas e ajustadas. Resultados Amostra com 920 participantes, 68% de prevalência do desfecho, associada a mulheres (RP = 1,26; IC = 1,10-1,45), idosos (RP = 1,50; IC = 1,43-1,58), indivíduos que trabalham (RP = 1,09; IC=1,07-1,11), profissionais/estudantes da saúde (RP = 1,12; IC = 1,07-1,17), com 4 ou mais pessoas no domicílio (RP = 0,84; IC = 0,75-0,94) e medo da contaminação (RP = 1,20; IC = 1,17-1,22), do grupo de risco (RP = 0,94; IC = 0,91-0,96), com sinais/sintomas na última semana (RP = 0,83; IC = 0,72-0,96), não fumantes (RP = 1,10; IC = 1,01-1,20) e com conhecimento sobre sinais/sintomas (RP = 1,04; IC = 1,03-1,05), quando procurar atendimento (RP = 1,07; IC = 1,06-1,08) e formas de transmissão (RP = 1,03; IC = 1,00-1,06). Frequência de medidas preventivas variou de 98,5% (evitar aglomerações) a 60,9% (não compartilhar objetos de uso pessoal). Conclusão Mais da metade aderiu às medidas de prevenção, que podem ser reforçadas especialmente entre jovens, homens, do grupo de risco e com conhecimento insuficiente sobre a doença.

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has high transmissibility, mainly through respiratory droplets from symptomatic people, hand shaking or contaminated objects and surfaces, which raises the importance of adopting measures to reduce transmissibility among individuals in community. Objective To assess the prevalence and factors associated with preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 / Covid-19. Method This is a Web Survey, cross-sectional study carried out in Passo Fundo, RS. Online data collection with individuals 18 years old or more. Outcome defined as performance of at least eight out of nine measures recommended by the Ministry of Health. Calculation of prevalence, gross and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR). Results Sample of 920 participants, with 68% prevalence of the outcome, associated with women (PR = 1.26; C I= 1.10-1.45), elderly (PR = 1.50; CI=1.43-1.58), working individuals (PR = 1.09; CI = 1.07-1.11), health professionals / students (PR = 1.12; CI = 1.07-1.17), with 4 or more people in the household (PR = 0.84; CI = 0.75-0.94) and fear of contamination (PR = 1.20; CI = 1.17-1.22), belonging to the risk group (PR = 0.94; CI=0.91-0.96), with signs / symptoms in the last week (PR = 0.83; CI =0 .72-0.96), non-smokers (PR = 1.10; CI = 1.01-1.20) and, with knowledge about signs / symptoms (PR = 1.04; CI = 1.03-1.05), when seeking care (PR = 1.07 ; CI = 1.06-1.08) and forms of transmission (PR = 1.03; CI = 1.00-1.06). The frequency of preventive measures ranged from 98.5% (avoiding crowds) to 60.9% (not sharing personal items). Conclusion More than half have adhered to preventive measures, which can be strengthened especially among youth, men, the group at risk and with insufficient knowledge of the disease.

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de tentativa de suicídio entre usuários da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e verificar fatores associados. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com indivíduos de 18 anos ou mais, atendidos na rede urbana da APS de Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul. Foi calculada a prevalência do desfecho, com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95), além das Razões de Prevalência (RPs) brutas e ajustadas para verificação dos fatores associados. Resultados Amostra de 1.443 indivíduos, prevalência da tentativa de suicídio de 9% (IC95 8%-11%), com maior probabilidade em mulheres (RP = 3,01; IC95 1,54-5,86), 18-59 anos (RP = 2,15; IC95 1,38-3,34), sem cônjuge (RP = 1,82; IC95 1,09-3,03), com duas ou mais doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (RP = 1,54; IC95 1,08-2,18), diagnóstico de HIV/AIDS (RP = 3,02; IC95 1,30-7,02), de depressão (RP = 2,69; IC95 1,83-3,96), história familiar de tentativa de suicídio (RP = 1,99; IC95 1,50-2,63) e insônia (RP = 1,46; IC95 1,05-2,02). Observou-se tendência linear inversamente proporcional em relação à escolaridade, com redução de 42% na probabilidade do desfecho entre os participantes com ensino superior (RP = 0,58; IC95 0,39-0,86). Conclusões Constataram-se alta prevalência de tentativa de suicídio, em comparação à média nacional, e associação com idade adulta, sexo feminino, menor escolaridade, ausência de cônjuge, diagnóstico de doenças crônicas, insônia e história familiar de suicídio.

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate the prevalence of attempted suicide among Primary Health Care (PHC) users and to verify the associated factors. Methods Cross-sectional study, performed with individuals aged ≥ 18 years, assisted in the urban PHC services in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The prevalence of the outcome was calculated, with a confidence interval of 95% (95% CI), in addition to the crude and adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PR) to verify the associated factors. Results Sample of 1,443 individuals, 9% prevalence of attempted suicide (95% CI 8%-11%), most likely in women (PR = 3.01; 95% CI 1.54-5.86), 18-59 years (PR = 2.15; 95% CI 1.38-3.34), individuals without a spouse (PR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.09-3.03), with two or more chronic non-communicable diseases (PR = 1.54; 95% CI 1.08-2.18), diagnosis of HIV/AIDS (PR = 3.02; 95% CI 1.30-7.02) and of depression (PR = 2.69; 95% CI 1.83-3.96), family history of attempted suicide (PR = 1.99; 95% CI 1.50-2.63) and insomnia (PR = 1.46; 95% CI 1.05-2.02). An inversely proportional linear trend was observed in relation to education, with a 42% reduction in the probability of the outcome among participants with higher education (PR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.39-0.86). Conclusions There was a high prevalence of attempted suicide compared to the national average and association with adult age, female gender, lower education level, absence of a partner, diagnosis of chronic diseases, insomnia and family history of suicide.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à percepção do medo de ser contaminado pelo novo coronavírus. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, com indivíduos de ambos os sexos e 18 ou mais anos de idade. Coleta on-line de dados sociodemográficos, de saúde, de comportamento e de conhecimento acerca do vírus. Análise estatística descritiva e cálculo de prevalência e de razões de prevalência (RP) brutas e ajustadas. Resultados: Amostrados 920 participantes, com 64% de prevalência de medo de contaminação, sendo maior em indivíduos que trabalham (RP = 1,10; IC95 1,02-1,20), com idosos no domicílio (RP = 1,18; IC95 1,17-1,19), percepção negativa da saúde (RP = 1,15; IC95 1,02-1,31), avaliação de elevado risco de contaminação (RP = 1,30; IC95 1,23-1,38), com no mínimo um dos principais sinais/sintomas na semana anterior (RP = 1,12; IC95 1,11-1,13), que realizam maior número de medidas preventivas (RP = 1,27; IC95 1,15-1,40), vacinados contra a gripe (RP = 1,08; IC95 1,07-1,10) e que sabem que pertencem ao grupo de risco (RP = 1,17; IC95 1,14-1,19). Menor probabilidade do desfecho observada em idosos (RP = 0,74; IC95 0,60-0,91), profissionais ou estudantes da saúde (RP = 0,82; IC95 0,81-0,83) e em não fumantes (RP = 0,86; IC95 0,79-0,94). Conclusões: Observou-se elevada proporção de medo entre os participantes, especialmente entre aqueles que se percebem sob maior risco. Considerando o importante papel do medo na saúde mental das pessoas, os achados indicam a importância de intensificar ações educativas e informativas, visando ampliar o esclarecimento da população e reduzir os impactos da pandemia nesse aspecto.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with the perception of fear of being infected by the new coronavirus. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, with individuals of both sexes and 18 years of age or older. Online data collection of sociodemographic, health and behavior characteristics as well as knowledge about the virus. Descriptive statistical analysis and calculation of prevalence and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR). Results: Nine hundred and twenty participants were sampled, with a 64% prevalence of fear of contamination, being higher in working individuals (PR = 1.10; CI95 1.02-1.20), with elderly people at home (PR = 1.18; CI95 1.17-1.19), negative perception of health (PR = 1.15; CI95 1.02-1.31), assessment of high risk of contamination (PR = 1.30; CI95 1.23-1,38), with at least one of the main signs/symptoms in the previous week (PR = 1.12; CI95 1.11-1.13), who perform a greater number of preventive measures (PR = 1.27; CI95 1,15-1.40), vaccinated against influenza (PR = 1.08; CI95 1.07-1.10) and who know that they belong to the risk group (PR = 1.17; CI95 1.14-1,19). Lower probability of outcome observed in the elderly (PR = 0.74; CI95 0.60-0.91), health professionals or students (PR = 0.82; CI95 0.81-0.83) and in non-smokers (PR = 0.86; CI95 0.79-0.94). Conclusions: There was a high proportion of fear among the participants, especially among those who perceive themselves to be at greater risk. Considering the important role of fear in people's mental health, the findings indicate the importance of intensifying educational and informational actions, aiming to expand the clarification of the population and reduce the impacts of the pandemic in this regard.

Helicobacter pylori is considered a significant agent in the development of various gastric diseases. However, the diseases caused by this bacterium are known as being multi-factorial, with the genotype, immune system and life habits of the host playing important roles in the establishment of the clinical outcome. Also, H. pylori exhibit a high degree of genetic variability, contributing to the complexity of the host-pathogen relationship. These observations, considered together with the widely-varying origins and social habits of the Brazilian population, lead us to speculate about the influence of these life habits on H. pylori infection and the clinical outcome. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the relationship between H. pylori infection and certain diseases in 172 patients treated at the Hospital das Clínicas of Ribeirão Preto (HCRP), Brazil, taking into account their different life habits, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and alcohol ingestion, and smoking habit. Our analysis indicated that H. pylori infection is not affected by any of the life habits evaluated but is associated with the development of peptic ulcers (gastric and duodenal ulcer) and inverse correlate with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). No correlation was found between the infection with this bacterium and gastritis or intestinal metaplasia. However, gastritis and erosive gastritis were directly correlated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) ingestion. Moreover, ingestion of alcohol beverages exhibited a protective effect on gastritis development in men. Our data also indicated that to achieve reliable detection of this bacterium in biopsies, two or three detection methods should be used.